Cadorna, Edelyn Alicar

College/Position: CAS, URDO
Designation: Director, University Research and Development Office
Area: Education, Health and Nutrition, Ilokano Studies Center, Science, Technology, Industry and Energy, Social Science

Research Engagement:

Publication
  • ► Enhancing Assessment in a Mathematics General Education Course: The Development of a Standardized Item Bank (2025)

    Abstract: Effective assessment is essential in education to measure students’ achievement and understanding. In higher education, particularly in general education courses like Mathematics in the Modern World (MMW), standardized and reliable assessments ensure that students are evaluated fairly and accurately. This study developed an item bank for the MMW course at the University of Northern Philippines to standardize examinations and enhance assessment quality. By standardizing exams, the study sought to improve assessment reliability and ensure that all students are evaluated under the same criteria. It aimed to determine item validity and analyze item responses using statistical measures, including difficulty index, discrimination index, and reliability index. Employing a quantitative approach with descriptive survey and developmental research designs, the study involved 258 students from the first term of school year (SY) 2022 to 2023, alongside three mathematics experts and three psychometricians for item validation. The primary instrument was an achievement test comprising two-hundred multiple-choice, eighty true/false, and forty short-answer items. Expert validation was followed by student testing to assess reliability. Data analysis led to a refined item bank, confirming high validity and reliability. Item difficulty and discrimination indices guided necessary revisions to optimize assessment effectiveness. The final item bank included 181 multiple-choice, 79 true/false, and 34 short-answer items. The study recommends using validated test formats aligned with evolving curriculum standards and revising low-discriminating or overly easy items to ensure comprehensive student evaluation.

    Keywords: Item Bank, Item Analysis; Item Response Theory, Reliability, Math Proficiency

    SDG: SDG 4, SDG 8, SDG 9, SDG 10

    Publication Link
  • ► An Assessment of Filipino Public School Teachers' Research Competence: A Basis for an Enhancement Professional Development Programme (2025)

    Abstract: The ability to conduct academic research is essential for teachers to contribute to the body of knowledge and enhance the quality of education. This study assessed the research competence of 440 public school teachers in the First District of the Schools Division of Ilocos Sur during the school year 2022–2023. A mixed-method research design was used to comprehensively analyse their profiles, research competence and challenges encountered. Data were collected using validated questionnaires and interview guides and analysed using frequency, percentage, mean, Pearson correlation, Chi-square test and thematic analysis. Findings indicated that many schools lack adequate research resources. Teachers had few research projects and minimal research awards. Teachers showed a high level of competence based on their knowledge, skills and attitudes but low research productivity. Significant factors related to research competence included age, educational attainment, length of teaching experience, and rank/position. The overwhelming teaching loads and numerous school activities were the major hindrances to conducting research. As a result, the study proposed a research enhancement training programme aimed at improving teachers' research competence. Implementing this programme is expected to nurture a positive school research culture, contributing to improved educational practices and outcomes.

    Keywords: public school teachers; competence; productivity; skills; action research

    SDG: SDG 4, SDG 8, SDG 10, SDG 17

    Publication Link
  • ► Enhancing Filipino Students' Learning Outcomes in Physics using Comic-Based Learning Materials (2025)

    Abstract: Developing instructional materials that simultaneously enhance comprehension, stimulate interest, and foster skill acquisition is necessary to promote holistic student learning outcomes. This study developed comic-based learning materials and determined their effectiveness in enhancing learning outcomes. The study employed a combination of the developmental research and experimental research designs. The comic-based instructional materials were developed, and the quality of the materials, their acceptability to teachers, and the materials’ effectiveness in enhancing students' understanding, attitude, and skills in Physics were determined. Similarly, the experiences of students using the materials were explored. Data were collected from all the STEM students and Physics teachers using evaluation instruments, and interview guides. These data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, t-test, and thematic analysis. Findings revealed that the developed comics met the quality criteria regarding content, format, presentation, organization, and accuracy. It is highly acceptable to teachers for use as a learning material. Moreover, the developed comics significantly enhanced students' understanding of the topic, improved their attitude towards Physics, and effectively developed essential learning competencies required in the subject. The students gave positive feedback about the developed materials. The developed comics proved to be a high-quality instructional material that significantly improved students’ understanding, attitudes, and competencies in Physics. The study recommended encouraging the use of comics as a teaching and learning tool in Physics and exploring their potential application to other challenging topics.

    Keywords: comic-based learning; physics education; mixed-methods developmental research, learning outcomes; instructional material

    SDG: SDG 4, SDG 8, SDG 9, SDG 10

    Publication Link
  • ► Development of a Worktext in Mathematics in the Modern World (2023)

    Abstract: Learning resources are crucial to boosting students' academic performance. This study aimed to develop and validate a worktext for Mathematics in the Modern World (MMW). Specifically, it sought to determine the availability and adequacy of instructional materials in the said mathematics course; describe the components of the worktext; evaluate the worktext in terms of objectives, content, format, organization, language, and usability; and determine the readability of the worktext. Findings showed a need to develop a worktext in MMW to address the inadequacy of teaching and learning resources in MMW in the university. The worktext in MMW is simple yet rich in content and contains varied activities. It is highly valid and can be used as instructional material in the teaching and learning of MMW. The contents of the worktext are written so that it is clear to the target readers can read it.

    Keywords: Worktext Development, Learning Material, Validation, Mathematics in the Modern World.

    SDG: SDG 4, SDG 8, SDG 9, SDG 10

    Publication Link
  • ► Development and Validation of Technostress Scale (TSS) for Students (2023)

    Abstract: This study aimed to develop and validate a Technostress scale for Filipino students using development and research method. Items in the scale were constructed through interviews with purposively selected tertiary students and were subjected to validation by experts. Results showed a high level of content and face validity. Exploratory Factor Analysis showed five misfits of the scale: abilities-demands of technology, abilities-demands of a school requirement, person-people, needs-supplies of technology, and needs-supplies of the school. In addition, Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated that the model of the scale has an acceptable fit. The convergent and discriminant validity results revealed that the scale exhibits psychometric quality, and the items reliably measure their corresponding constructs. Based on the reliability index, the questionnaire could yield the same results even after multiple trials. Therefore, educators can use the developed technostress scale to diagnose students with problems adjusting to a technology-based learning environment.

    Keywords: confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis, technostress, COVID-19 pandemic, technology

    SDG: SDG 3, SDG 4, SDG 8, SDG 9

    Publication Link
  • ► Domestic Violence Against Women: A Global Perspective (2023)

    Abstract: Women's physical, reproductive, and emotional health are all significantly impacted by intimate partner violence (IPV), which is now recognized as a serious public health issue. According to the feminist paradigm, intimate partner violence is a complex issue that involves both socio-cultural and psychological elements interacting. To realize an accurate cluster of countries and develop a statistical model to explain the prevalence of domestic violence against women, a data mining model of global domestic violence against women's incidence was constructed. The research results show three clusters among the countries from the different regions of the world, characterized by the variables considered. Moreover, the results reveal that the poverty gap, literacy rate, alcohol consumption of men, the share of the population with alcohol or drug use disorders, prevalence of anxiety disorders in women, and prevalence of depressive disorders in both men and women came out as significant predictors.

    Keywords: global domestic violence, feminist theory of violence, cluster analysis, discriminant analysis.

    SDG: SDG 3, SDG 5, SDG 10, SDG 16

    Publication Link
  • ► The Science Teachers Engagement via Extension (SciTEE) Project: An Impact Study Using the Model of Change (2023)

    Abstract: Using the theory of change, the impact of the Science Teachers Enhancement via Extension (SciTEE) Project of a state university in the northern part of Luzon, Philippines, was evaluated. Through the mixed method of research, the study investigated the extension profile, project level of implementation, outputs, outcomes, and impact after being implemented for five years. The participants of the different extension activities were the respondents. The process of triangulation was utilized to gather the data needed. Through the project, the beneficiariesenriched their knowledge of selected science content, developed their ICT skills in teaching, acquired knowledge and skills on the proper use of science equipment, and developed their skills in research and in making instructional materials. The Project contributed to the capacity building of the beneficiaries, their social and economic development, lifelong learning skills, and generally contributing to the global goal of preparing teachers for 21st-century learning.

    Keywords: 21st-century teaching skills, model of change, extension program, teacher enhancement, impact assessment.

    SDG: SDG 4, SDG 8, SDG 9, SDG 17

    Publication Link
  • ► Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Practices (IKSP) in Disaster Risk Reduction and Management of Secondary Schools in Indigenous Cultural Communities in Abra, Philippines (2023)

    Abstract: Indigenous knowledge systems and practices (IKSP) are utilized by the Indigenous Cultural Communities (ICC) to mitigate the impact of disasters. This study determined the IKSPs in disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) of the secondary schools in the selected indigenous communities in Abra, Philippines. It employed a mixed-method explanatory sequential research design. Data were gathered using surveys and interviews. Findings showed that the schools in the ICCs utilized their IKSPs to manage disasters along the four thematic areas of DRRM: prevention and mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery, and rehabilitation. IKSPs, as part of disaster management, include utilizing local plants, observing the behaviors of some animals and insects, observing the colors of the clouds, and performing rituals by the elders in the community. Furthermore, the result of the study revealed these IKSPs emerged to be essential in the prevention and mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery, and rehabilitation during disasters such as; Alluyon, Ganap, Komon, Sagubay, Ubaya, Senga, Lapat System, Agamang, Bodong and Dap-Ay.

    Keywords: Indigenous Knowledge, Maeng, Lapat, Explanatory design, Abra.

    SDG: SDG 4, SDG 10, SDG 11, SDG 13

    Publication Link
  • ► Readiness of Faculty on Flexible Learning: Basis for a Capability Building Program (2022)

    Abstract: This study focused on the faculty members’ readiness to use flexible learning at a state university in the Philippines. There were 547 faculty members from all levels completed an online survey questionnaire using the descriptive research method. The faculty members are ready regarding the availability of IT tools and internet connectivity. Still, they are not so much prepared as to their knowledge and competence on using flexible learning. The majority have wireless connections but are considered intermittent. Most of the faculty members use books as their teaching materials. Only very few have learning materials like modules, worktexts, manuals, and workbooks. Most of them are still oriented to face-to-face communication with students and are not familiar with the other equally responsive pedagogies requiring less data usage, or no data usage. Many faculty members have tried using online learning delivery modes, but they are still not confident using them. They have little knowledge about learning management systems and are moderately competent in using them. Based on the findings is the capability-building program which was already implemented and sustained.

    Keywords: Capability building; Flexible learning; Learning delivery modes; New normal; Readiness

    SDG: SDG 4, SDG 8, SDG 9, SDG 10

    Publication Link
  • ► Geometric Designs of Ilocano Wood Carvings (2022)

    Abstract: Research on the promotion of wooden furniture objects is of historical and cultural value. This study explored the geometric designs of Ilocano wood carvings. The wood carvings were investigated on furniture products found in San Vicente, Ilocos Sur. Based on the findings, the wood carvings show fundamental geometric designs such as symmetry, parallelism, transformation, and proportionality. The concept of symmetry is mostly found in all furniture products like tables, doors, and chairs. The carving designs of doors made use of the concept of parallelism. On the other hand, the concept of transformation is used in carving designs on chairs to come up with congruent designs, and in the transformation of the design of the door of a cabinet. Furthermore, the carving of a miniature mirror and display products utilized the concept of proportionality. Generally, there is a combination of these geometric designs that make the products more attractive.

    Keywords: ethnomathematics, mathematical patterns, math-inspired products, Ilocano culture

    SDG: SDG 4, SDG 8, SDG 11, SDG 12

    Publication Link
  • ► A Cross-Sectional Study of Students' Learning Progression in Algebra (2021)

    Abstract: This study explored the learning progression in Algebra of students from a cohort perspective and individual perspective. Utilizing the cross-sectional and longitudinal research methods and employing the Rasch measurement modeling, the progress in the Algebraic performance of the 592 students (Grade 8, Grade 9 and Grade 10) in a school division in the Philippines was examined four times in around one academic year. Analyses revealed that the students only have a low level of performance in Algebra. Through the Rasch analysis, there was a progress in students' Algebraic performance from a cross-sectional perspective. Their ability estimates increased with the grade level. The performance of the students also developed from the individuals' perspective. More students displayed progress while some retrogressed in their performance in the algebraic test. Moreover, from an individual perspective, the algebraic students' performance developed over the period in all grade levels. There is also an increase in the mastery of the students in the different tasks in the test. The answers of the students are dependent on their ability, as predicted from the Rasch model.

    Keywords: Algebra, Cross-Sectional, Learning Progression, Rasch Analysis

    SDG: SDG 4, SDG 8, SDG 9, SDG 10

    Publication Link
  • ► Attitude towards romantic relationships: A cross-cultural study among Indians and Filipinos (2020)

    Abstract: This study examined the attitude towards romantic relationships and knowledge of HIV of 250 Filipino and 150 Indian students. It also explored how the students’ profile and knowledge of HIV influenced their attitude towards romantic relationships. The comparative research method determined the differences in the attitude towards romantic relationships and knowledge of HIV between the Indian and Filipino students. The correlational method on the other hand, determined the influence of HIV knowledge and profile on their attitude. The study utilized survey questionnaires to gather the needed data. Results show that there is a statistically significant difference between the students of the two counties in their knowledge of HIV. Indian students are more knowledgeable about HIV than the Filipino students. Both the Filipino and Indian students are undecided in their attitude towards romantic relationships. Number of close friends and romantic relationships and knowledge of HIV significantly influence attitude towards romantic relationships of the Filipino students. Personal factors and knowledge of HIV, taken singly and as a whole do not significantly influence attitude of the Indian students towards romantic relationships.

    Keywords: Romantic Relationships, HIV knowledge, cross-cultural study, Filipinos, Indians

    SDG: SDG 3, SDG 4, SDG 5, SDG 10

    Publication Link
    • On-going

    • Gender Equality of Gaming: A Bibliometric Analysis of Representation, Workforce Dynamics, and Cultural Implications (2025), SDG 5, 9 – (E-25-14)
    • Exploring the Artificial Intelligence Research in Public Health: Trends, Innovations, and Global Health Outcomes (2025), SDG 3, 9 – (E-25-17)
    • Assessing the Readiness of UNP for QS Star University Ratings (2025), SDG 4, 17 – (E-25-19)
    • Health Empowerment & Lifecare Program (HELP) for High Risk Communities (5 Phase-Project) (2025), SDG 3, 10, 17 – (HN-25-7a)
    • Phase 2: Healthcare Access and Program Development (2025), SDG 3, 10, 17 – (HN-25-9b)
    • Phase 3: Healthcare Program Implementation (2025), SDG 3, 10, 17 – (HN-25-9c)
    • Phase 4: Community Engagement and Empowerment (2025), SDG 3, 10, 17 – (HN-25-9d)
    • Phase 5: Monitoring, Evaluation, Advocacy and Policy Change (2025), SDG 3, 10, 17 – (HN-25-9e)
    • Challenges in the Marketing of Agricultural Products: A Narrative Inquiry (2025), SDG 2, 8 – (SS-25-11)
    • Clay Characterization of Fishpond Soil in San Vicente, Ilocos Sur (2024), SDG 9, 11, 12 – (STIE-25-11)
    • The Use of an Online Self-help Intervention for Employees and Students: A Research on Mental Health in UNP (2024), SDG 3, 4 – (SS-24-12)
    • Innovative ABEL Research and Development (InABEL) Project (2024), SDG 8, 11, 12 – (SS-23-30)
    • Socio-Economic Profiling of Weaving Industry in Ilocos Sur (2024), SDG 1, 8, 11 – (SS-23-30a)
    • Characterization of Abel Products in Ilocos Sur (2024), SDG 8, 9, 11 – (SS-23-30b)
    • Performance Efficiency of a State University in Northern Philippines: A Data Envelopment Analysis (2023), SDG 4, 16 – (E-23-9 )
    • Employability and Productivity of the Graduates of the Open University (2023), SDG 4, 8 – (E-23-10)
    • Development of Student’s Guide in Writing Thesis/Dissertation (2022), SDG 4 – (E-22-23c31)
    • Needs Assessment of an Island Barangay: Basis for a Proposed Extension Program (2022), SDG 1, 11, 17 – (SS-22-23-c15)
    Awards
    • INTERNATIONAL
      • Agent of Change – Singapore of Multidisciplinary Professions | Aug 28, 2018
      • Outstanding Researcher of the Philippines 2015 – International Association of Multidisciplinary Research during the World Research Festival 2015 | May 1, 2015
      • Platinum Award, Oral Presentation in Asian Conference on Academic Journals and Higher Education Research – International Association of Multidisciplinary Research during the World Research Festival 2015 Philippine Association of Institutions for Research | 2011
      • International Online Research Journal Publication Award – Philippine Association of Institutions for Research, Inc. during the International Conference of Higher Education Research 2010 | April 29, 2010
    • NATIONAL
      • Provincial Finalist, Metrobank Foundation 2016 Search for Outstanding Teachers/National – Metrobank Foundation | June 30, 2016
    • LOCAL
      • Best Research Paper Award, Research Title: Readiness of Faculty on Flexible Learning: Basis for a Capability Training Program – University of Northern Philippines during the 1st Regional Virtual Research Congress | June 2020
      • Fr. Jose Burgos Achievement Award (Education and Research) – Provincial Government of Ilocos Sur | February 2017
      • Bigueño Teacher of the Year Award (Tertiary Level) – City Level – World Heritage City of Vigan during the Education Day in celebration of the Vigan City Fiesta on January 19, 2016 | January 19, 2016
      • Faculty of the Year – University of Northern Philippines | December 2015
      • Most Outstanding Teacher Award (College Level) – City Level – World Heritage City of Vigan during the Celebration of World’s Teachers Day at the Vigan Convention Center | October 11, 2015
      • Coach of winning Students’ Competitions (National, Regional and Local)
    Presentation
    • Development of an Item Bank for Mathematics in the Modern World (2025), SDG 4, 8, 9, 10
    • An Assessment of Filipino Public School Teachers’ Research Competence: A Basis for an Enhancement Professional Development Program (2025), SDG 4, 8, 10, 17
    • Development of an Item Bank for Mathematics in the Modern World (2024), SDG 4, 8, 9, 10
    • Evaluation of the Developed Electrostatics Comics for High School Students (2024), SDG 4, 8, 9, 10
    • Research Competence of Public School Teachers: Basis for Enhancement Training Program (2024), SDG 4, 8, 10, 17
    Citations
    IP Registration
    • Worktext in Mathematics in the Modern World (2022), SDG 4, 8, 9, 10 – (Cert No. 2022-02132-A dated 04-Aug-22)
    Others (Peer Review, Research Consultancy)

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